When was porfirio diaz elected

Search for " "in Sections Search for " "in the Press Room. Porfirio Diaz Share. Recent notes. April 02 Civic Events. March 21 Civic Events. Go to press room. In November he returned to Mexico to lead the revolt but the support his allies had promised him failed to materialise and he had to retreat back to the US.

Madero appeared to have failed, but in reality he had sparked off a revolution. Peasants in the north of the country rose up under Pancho Villa and Pascual Orozco. Others in the southern state of Morelos, led by Emiliano Zapata, took up arms. The troubles spread and in February Madero felt strong enough to return to Mexico and proclaim himself head of the Mexican revolution. In April he announced that he had heard the voice of the Mexican people and replaced his entire cabinet.

The garrison surrendered on 10 May and on 21 May Madero and a representative of Diaz signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez, which required Diaz to stand down. The architect of modern Mexico duly took ship from Veracruz to New York four days later and went into exile in France. Compared by one contemporary to a dove fluttering about in a sky full of hawks, Madero took office as president in November, but the vicious civil war that ensued lasted for almost ten years and caused a million deaths.

Diaz was forced from office and fled the country for Spain on May 31, The Mexican Revolution took place over the course of a decade and radically transformed Mexican culture and government.

The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle from through that radically transformed Mexican culture and government. In the short term, events were precipitated by the results of the presidential election in which Diaz committed massive electoral fraud and declared himself the winner against his then-jailed opponent, Francisco Madero.

Armed conflict ousted Diaz from power and a new election was held in , in which Madero won the presidency. President Francisco I. Madero: Constitutional President of Mexico However, these expectations were tempered by the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez, signed on May 21, , between Diaz and Madero, which put an end to fighting between the two factions but also stipulated that certain essential elements of the Diaz regime, such as the federal army, stay in place.

Madero called for the rebels who had brought him to power to return to civilian life. In their place, Madero increasingly relied upon the federal army to deal with armed rebellions that broke out in Mexico from to Organized labor exercised their newfound freedoms under the Madero regime by staging strikes, which foreign entrepreneurs found threatening to their business concerns. A rise in anti-American sentiment accompanied these developments. The anarcho-syndicalist Casa del Obrero Mundial was founded in September and served primarily as a center of agitation and propaganda rather than exclusively as a labor union.

A number of political parties also proliferated across the country, including the National Catholic Party, which was particularly strong in a number of regions. Madero, unlike Diaz, failed to reward those who had brought him to power, though many revolutionary leaders expected personal rewards or major reforms in return for their service. Emiliano Zapata, in particular, long worked for land reform in Mexico and expected Madero to make some major changes.

However, during a personal meeting with the guerrilla leader, Madero told Zapata that the agrarian question needed careful study, giving rise to the belief that Madero, a member of a rich northern landholding family, was unlikely to implement comprehensive agrarian reform.

In response, Zapata drafted the Plan de Ayala in November , declaring himself in rebellion against Madero. Zapata renewed guerrilla warfare in the state of Morelos and Madero was forced to send the federal army to deal, unsuccessfully, with his forces. Likewise, the northern revolutionary general Pascual Orozco felt slighted after being put in charge of large forces of rurales in Chihuahua instead of being chosen as governor of the same region.

A number of other rebellions occurred during a period known as the Ten Tragic Days. During this time, U. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson brokered the Pact of the Embassy, formalizing an alliance between Huerta and Felix Diaz, a nephew of the former president and rebel leader.

The treaty ensured that Huerta would become provisional president of Mexico following the resignations of Madero and his vice president. Following the assumption of Huerta of the presidency, former revolutionaries had no formally organized opposition to the established government.

Within a month of the coup that brought Huerta to power, several rebellions broke out across the country. Huerta offered peace to Zapata, but he rejected it. Incoming U. Lind was a progressive who sympathized with the Mexican revolutionaries and urged other European powers to join America in non-recognition of the Huerta regime.

He also urged Huerta to call elections and not step up as a candidate, using economic and military threats to back up his pleadings. On October 26, , Huerta dispensed with the Mexican legislature, surrounding the building with his army and arresting congressmen he perceived hostile to his regime. Congressional elections went ahead, but the fervor of opposition candidates decreased. The October elections ended any pretension of constitutional rule within Mexico and civilian political activities were banned.

Additionally, many prominent Catholics were arrested and Catholic periodicals were suppressed. Finally, in mid-July , he stepped down and fled the country. He died six months after going into exile after having been arrested by US authorities and held at Fort Bliss, Texas.

The revolutionary factions that remained in Mexico gathered at the Convention of Aguascalientes in October During this time, there was a brief break in revolutionary violence. Rather than facilitate a reconciliation among the different factions, however, Venustiano Carranza and Pancho Villa engaged in a power struggle, leading to a definitive break between the two revolutionaries.

Carranza agreed to do so only if Villa and Zapata also resigned and went into exile. He also stipulated that there be a pre-constitutionalist government to carry out the necessary political and social reforms the country needed before a fully constitutional government was reestablished. As a result of these conditions, the convention declared Carranza in rebellion and civil war resumed. Northern general Villa formed an alliance with the southern leader Zapata.

The resultant combined forces were called the Army of the Convention. In practice, however, the Army of the Convention did not survive as an alliance beyond this initial victory against the Constitutionalists. The United States timed its exit from Veracruz to benefit Carranza, sending his forces munitions and formally recognizing his government in As revolutionary violence subsided in , the leaders of Mexico met to draw up a new constitution.

The Mexican Constitution of that resulted was strongly national. Article 27 provided the government with the right to expropriate natural resources from foreign interests, enabling land reform. There were also provisions to protect organized labor and articles extending state power over the Roman Catholic Church within Mexico.

Carranza, though able to enact many reforms, was still vulnerable to revolutionary unrest. Zapata remained active in Morelos, which due to its proximity to Mexico City remained a vulnerability for the Carranza government. Carranza also sent generals to track down Villa in the north, but they were only able to capture some of his men. However, some existing northern revolutionary leaders found the prospect of a civilian Carranza puppet candidate untenable and hatched a revolt against Carranza called the Plan of Agua Prieta.

As a result, Carranza attempted to flee Mexico, but died on his way to the Gulf Coast. The National Revolutionary Party held power consistently from to by settling disputes among different political interest groups within the framework of a single party machine. Although the armed phase of the Mexican Revolution ended in , Mexico continued to experience political unrest in the years that followed.

In , president-elect Alvaro Obregon was assassinated, giving rise to a political crisis. In fact, from until , the PNR won every presidential election by well over 70 percent of the vote. In practice, however, this was never achieved, and the PRM was split functionally into many mass organizations that represented different interest groups.

Settling disputes within the framework of a single political party helped to prevent legislative gridlock and militarized rebellions, which were common during the Mexican Revolution. For these reasons, its supporters maintained that the party itself was crucial to the modernization and stability of Mexico as a whole.