Where is superconducting super collider




















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Knights Inn. If all had gone according to plan, the gargantuan U. Peter Higgs, in fact, might have collected his physics Nobel a few years earlier. The Superconducting Super Collider SSC that would have graced the rolling prairies of Texas would have boasted energy 20 times larger than any accelerator ever constructed and might have been revealing whatever surprises that lay beyond the Higgs, allowing the U.

Twenty years ago, on October 21, , Congress officially killed the project, leaving behind more than vacant tunnel in the Texas earth. Since then, the glory of particle physics has moved to Europe.

What went wrong with the SSC, in a nation then usually admired for its can-do attitude? What lessons were learned to apply to future efforts? And what has been the impact on U. What happened? Although no one reason explains the cancellation, a few key aspects of the project stand out. Department of Energy DoE led to conflicts, seemingly endless audits and an overall lack of trust.

That design had only one tenth the beam luminosity of the LHC, but because of its higher energy, it would have produced about half the Higgs events seen at CERN, says John Gunion of the University of California, Davis, enough to have found the Higgs and with the higher energy necessary to detect what, if anything, lies past the Higgs energy, such as supersymmetric or dark matter constituents.

When canceled, about 20 percent of the SSC was complete—specifically, two dozen kilometers of tunnel had been drilled with 17 access shafts, and 18, square meters of buildings erected. At its end the project was already employing 2, people at the site or in Dallas, about of whom were scientists, plus a contingent of Russian physicists employed after the end of the Cold War. Another 13, jobs linked to the project never materialized.

About half the SSC scientists left the field of physics, according to a survey by Science magazine, some to become analysts in the financial industry. Overbudget, the SSC had been on shaky ground for at least a year before the plug was pulled.

Design began in , and then Pres. There were to be about 10, of them in the ring. Crucial to projects of such a size, a project cost and scheduling system was never fully implemented, concealing substantial cost overruns, according to the report.

In Europe maintaining success at the CERN laboratory was the priority, after its discoveries of the W and Z bosons responsible for weak interactions, and it would have made little sense to collaborate on a machine larger than the Large Hadron Collider they were then considering. That left Japan as a major target for foreign funding.

By Pres. George H. The accelerator was to feature prominently in Japan—U. And despite expressing support for it as a presidential candidate, Bill Clinton and his administration never gave much support to the project.

What should the U. There was also infighting among subfields of U. Many physicists spent at least a year grieving and venting their disappointment and anger in public, especially in Physics Today , the U. A lack of will It was not just physics that lost out when the SSC was canceled.



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